Recently, the retirement landscape for federal employees has changed dramatically. The introduction of In-Plan Roth Conversions within the TSP means you no longer have to move your money to an outside bank just to get it into a Roth account.

However, "easier" isn't always "better." Here is the breakdown of how the new in-plan option stacks up against the traditional "roll-out" strategy.

The "In-Plan" Advantage (The New 2026 Way)

If you love the simplicity and safety of the TSP, this is your best bet.

• Frequency: You can perform up to 26 conversions per year (once per pay period). This is perfect for "dollar-cost averaging" your tax bill—converting a small amount every two weeks to avoid jumping into a higher tax bracket.

• The "Leave Behind" Rule: You must keep at least $500 in your traditional balance to keep that specific "source" account open.

• No RMDs: Starting in 2024/2025, Roth TSP balances (including converted ones) are not subject to RMDs during your lifetime, matching the biggest benefit of Roth IRAs.

The "Roll-Out" Advantage (The Traditional Way)

If you want total control over your money, moving it to a private IRA (Fidelity, Vanguard, etc.) still has perks.

• Asset Specificity: In the TSP, if you convert $10,000, it pulls pro-rata from all your funds (C, S, I, etc.). In a private IRA, you can choose to convert only your worst-performing asset or only your high-growth stock.

• No $500 Minimums: You can drain a traditional IRA to zero without "closing" the account or dealing with minimum balance rules.

• Better Heir Options: While the TSP is great for you, private IRAs often have more flexible "stretch" options or beneficiary tools for your children.

 Critical 2026 Update: The "Pro-Rata" Trap

One thing the new TSP conversion tool does not let you do is "cherry-pick" your tax-exempt money.

Example: if you have $10,000 in "Tax-Exempt" combat zone pay and $90,000 in "Traditional" pay, any conversion you do will be 90% taxable. You cannot choose to convert only the tax-exempt portion first.

Which one should you choose?

• Stay in the TSP if: You want the G Fund, you value ERISA-level asset protection, and you want to automate your conversions every pay period.

• Roll out to an IRA if: You want to invest in individual stocks, you have a complex estate plan, or you want to pick specific assets to convert.

Since it is 2026, the TSP has significantly updated its technology and services. Most notably, they now offer a Rollover Concierge Service and In-Plan Roth Conversions.

Here are two scripts tailored for the most common scenarios. Use the one that fits your current goal.

Scenario A: Moving Money OUT of the TSP (Into an IRA)

Use this if you are retired or separated and want to move your TSP funds to a private provider like Fidelity, Schwab, or Vanguard.

The Goal: Ensure the custodian accepts the check correctly so it isn't coded as a taxable withdrawal.

You: "Hi, I am a federal employee/retiree and I’m looking to perform a direct, trustee-to-trustee rollover from my Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) into my IRA here.

1. Can you provide the exact 'Payable To' instructions for the check? (It should usually be [Custodian Name] FBO [Your Name]).

2. What is the specific mailing address where the TSP should send the rollover check?

3. Does your firm allow for electronic rollover deposits, or must the TSP mail a physical check?

4. I have both Traditional and Roth balances in my TSP. Can you confirm that you have both a Traditional and Roth IRA open for me so we don't accidentally mix pre-tax and after-tax funds?"

Scenario B: Moving Money INTO the TSP (Consolidation)

Use this if you have an old 401(k) or a Traditional IRA and want to move it into the TSP for lower fees or simpler management.

The Goal: To get your custodian to release the funds without withholding the 20% tax.

You: "I’d like to initiate a direct rollover of my [IRA or 401k] assets into my Thrift Savings Plan account.

1. I am working with the TSP Rollover Concierge. Do you have a specific department or phone number my TSP specialist should call to coordinate the paperwork?

2. What forms do you require from your side to authorize a Trustee-to-Trustee transfer?

3. Can you confirm that no federal taxes will be withheld from this distribution, since it is going directly to a qualified plan?

4. (If moving an IRA): Can you verify how much of this balance is 'cost basis' (after-tax) versus pre-tax? The TSP only accepts pre-tax Traditional IRA funds."

3 Vital "Verification Questions" (To avoid the 10 Errors)

Before you hang up, ask these three questions to double-check the work of the representative:

1. "To be 100% clear, this is being processed as a 'Direct Rollover' and NOT a 60-day 'Indirect Rollover,' correct?" (Avoids the 60-day deadline trap).

2. "Will you be sending me a check, or will you be sending it directly to the other institution?" (If they send it to you, it must be made out to the institution, not you personally).

3. "I am [Age]. Have my Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) for this year already been satisfied?" (Avoids the error of rolling over an RMD).

2026 Update: The "In-Plan" Shortcut

If your goal was to move money from a Traditional TSP to a Roth IRA just to "convert" it, check your TSP "My Account" portal first. As of January 2026, the TSP now allows Roth In-Plan Conversions. You can now flip Traditional TSP funds to Roth TSP funds without ever moving the money out of the plan.

Since you're ready to get organized, here is a "No-Mistakes" Checklist. Use this when you’re on the phone with a TSP representative or your IRA custodian to ensure the money moves safely from point A to point B without the IRS taking a cut.

The "Direct Rollover" Master Checklist

Phase 1: Preparation (Before You Call)

• [ ] Locate Account Numbers: Have both your TSP account number and your destination IRA account number ready.

• [ ] Verify Account Type: Confirm the "flavor" of the money. (e.g., Traditional TSP must go to a Traditional IRA; Roth TSP must go to a Roth IRA).

• [ ] Check the "RMD" Status: If you are age 73+, calculate your Required Minimum Distribution first. You must take that distribution before you can roll over the remaining balance.

Phase 2: Communicating with the Institutions

• [ ] Use the "Magic Words": Explicitly state, "I want to perform a Direct, Trustee-to-Trustee Rollover." (This prevents them from accidentally cutting a check in your name).

• [ ] The "Payable To" Instruction: If they must mail a physical check, ensure it is made out to the institution, not you.

  • Example: "XYZ Brokerage, FBO [Your Name], Account #12345." (FBO stands for "For Benefit Of").

• [ ] Confirm Tax Withholding: For a direct rollover, the federal tax withholding should be 0%. If they mention a 20% withholding, stop the process—they are likely processing an indirect rollover by mistake.

Phase 3: The TSP Specifics

• [ ] Online Portal vs. Paper: Most TSP rollovers are now initiated through the TSP "My Account" portal. Check there first to see if you can generate the transfer electronically.

• [ ] For Moving Money INTO the TSP: You will likely need Form TSP-60 (for Traditional) or Form TSP-60-R (for Roth). Your IRA custodian will need to sign a portion of this.

• [ ] For Moving Money OUT of the TSP: Ensure your IRA custodian provides you with their "Transfer/Rollover In" instructions, including the specific mailing address for rollover checks.

Phase 4: Follow-Up

• [ ] The 10-Day Check: If the money hasn't landed in 10 business days, start making calls.

• [ ] Tax Form Verification: In January of next year, look for Form 1099-R from the sending institution.

  • Check Box 7: It should show Code G (Direct rollover to a qualified plan). If it doesn't, you'll need to contact them for a correction.

Pro-Tip: If you’re moving a large sum, ask the receiving institution if they have a "Rollover Specialist" who can jump on a three-way call with the TSP. It’s their job to make sure the money arrives safely!

Don’t Hand the IRS Your Retirement: 10 Costly TSP and IRA Rollover Traps

Managing your retirement funds as a federal employee can feel like navigating a minefield where the prizes are your own savings and the mines are IRS penalties. Whether you are moving funds between the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) and an IRA, or just consolidating accounts, one wrong move can trigger a tax bill that bites into your future.

Here is a restructured and expanded guide to avoiding the most expensive pitfalls in the rollover process, updated with the latest legislative changes.

1. Understanding the "How": Direct vs. Indirect Rollovers

Before diving into errors, you must know the two ways money moves.

• Direct Rollover (The Safe Path): The administrator of your current plan sends the money directly to your new plan or IRA. No taxes are withheld, and the IRS never considers the money "in your pocket."

• Indirect Rollover (The 60-Day Scramble): You receive a check made out to you. You have exactly 60 days to deposit those funds into a new qualified account.

  • The Trap: For TSP distributions, the government automatically withholds 20% for federal taxes. To complete a full rollover, you must find outside cash to cover that 20% gap when you deposit the funds, or that 20% will be treated as a taxable distribution (and potentially hit with a 10% early withdrawal penalty).

2. Timing and Frequency Mistakes

The "One-Per-Year" Rule

You are only allowed one indirect (60-day) IRA-to-IRA rollover every 12 months. This is a rolling 365-day window, not a calendar year.

Note: This limit does not apply to direct "trustee-to-trustee" transfers or rollovers from the TSP to an IRA. It only polices the "check-in-hand" moves between IRAs.

Missing the 60-Day Deadline

If you take an indirect rollover and miss the 60-day window, the entire amount becomes taxable income for the year you received the money. If you’re under 59.5, add a 10% penalty on top. The IRS rarely grants waivers for "I forgot."

The "Same Property" Requirement

If you withdraw 100 shares of a specific stock from an IRA, you cannot deposit the cash equivalent into the new IRA. You must deposit the exact same property (the shares) that you took out. If you took cash, you must deposit cash.

3. The "Un-Rollables": Assets You Can't Move

Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)

As of the SECURE Act 2.0, the RMD age has shifted to 73 (and will eventually hit 75). Once you reach the age where you must take RMDs, that money cannot be rolled over.

• The Error: Many retirees try to "convert" their RMD by rolling it into a Roth IRA. The IRS views this as an "excess contribution," which carries a 6% penalty every year it remains in the account.

TSP Hardship Withdrawals

If you take a financial hardship withdrawal from your TSP, that money is yours to keep (and pay taxes on). It is legally ineligible for rollover.

After-Tax Assets in the TSP

While the TSP accepts "pre-tax" IRA money, it generally does not accept after-tax (nondeductible) contributions from a traditional IRA. If you have a "basis" in your IRA (tracked via IRS Form 8606), leave that portion out of your TSP rollover.

4. Structural and Legal Blunders

Direct Traditional TSP to Roth IRA

If you move money directly from a Traditional TSP to a Roth IRA, this is treated as a Roth Conversion. It is fully taxable in the year you do it. To avoid a massive, unintended tax bill, most experts suggest rolling the Traditional TSP to a Traditional IRA first, then converting to Roth in smaller, controlled "tranches" to manage your tax bracket.

The Divorce Distribution

In a divorce, if you simply withdraw IRA funds to pay an ex-spouse, you are the one stuck with the tax bill and the 10% penalty (if applicable).

• The Fix: Use a "trustee-to-trustee" transfer as part of a Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) for the TSP, or a "transfer incident to divorce" for IRAs. This moves the tax liability to the person receiving the money.

Defaulted TSP Loans

If you leave federal service with an outstanding TSP loan, you must pay it back or "roll it over" (by depositing the equivalent amount into an IRA) within about 90 days. If you don't, the TSP declares a "deemed distribution," and you'll owe taxes on the unpaid balance.

5. Pertinent Updates & Modern Considerations

SECURE 2.0 and Roth TSP RMDs

New for 2024: Previously, Roth TSPs required RMDs even though Roth IRAs did not. Under the SECURE Act 2.0, Roth TSP accounts no longer require RMDs during the owner's lifetime. This removes a major reason people used to roll their Roth TSP into a Roth IRA.

Lost Accounts and Consolidation

Federal employees often have "zombie" 401(k)s from previous private-sector jobs.

• Pro Tip: You can roll those old 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and even SEP IRAs into your TSP. This simplifies your "Required Minimum Distribution" math later in life and keeps your administrative fees low, as the TSP remains one of the lowest-cost plans available.

Qualified Longevity Annuity Contracts (QLACs)

You can now move up to $200,000 from your TSP or IRA into a QLAC. This is a "deferred annuity" that allows you to delay taking RMDs on that specific chunk of money until as late as age 85, providing a hedge against outliving your money.

This checklist is designed to help you and your advisor audit your account for the 2026 plan year. With the launch of in-plan Roth conversions and the Super Catch-Up, your "set it and forget it" strategy from last year may no longer be optimal.

✅ 2026 TSP Optimization Checklist

• [ ] Verify Your 2025 Wages (Box 3 of W-2): If your 2025 wages exceeded $150,000, the IRS now requires all of your 2026 catch-up contributions to be Roth. Ensure your payroll settings are updated to avoid rejected contributions.

• [ ] Adjust for the "Super Catch-Up" (Ages 60–63): If you turn 60, 61, 62, or 63 in 2026, you are eligible for the $11,250 catch-up limit. Check your automated contributions to ensure you aren't leaving this extra $3,250 in tax-advantaged space on the table.

• [ ] Set Your "Max-Out" Number: To hit the new $24,500 limit perfectly across 26 pay periods, set your contribution to $943. If you are 50+ (but not in the 60–63 bracket), aim for $1,250 per paycheck to hit the $32,500 total limit.

• [ ] Perform a "Roth Conversion Analysis": Log in to your TSP "My Account" and use the new Roth In-Plan Conversion tool. Determine if converting a portion of your Traditional balance (including your agency match) into Roth makes sense for your current tax bracket.

  Note: You must have at least $500 in your account and leave a $500 "balance behind" in each source to use this feature.

• [ ] Plan for Tax Liquidity: If you plan to use the new Roth conversion feature, ensure you have cash set aside in a taxable account (like a high-yield savings account) to pay the resulting tax bill. Do not use TSP funds to pay the conversion tax, as this will trigger penalties.

• [ ] Review Your "Spillover" Settings: Double-check that your catch-up contributions are set to "spill over" automatically once you hit the $24,500 mark. This ensures you get your full agency match without interruption.

• [ ] Update Your Beneficiaries: With the elimination of Roth RMDs, your TSP is now a more powerful legacy tool. Review your designated beneficiaries to ensure your tax-free wealth passes to your heirs as intended.