The Markets

“If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs…”

The advice offered by Rudyard Kipling’s poem “If—” resonated last week. A sharp escalation in trade tensions sparked a stock market downturn despite news that the United States economy created far more jobs in March than economists had expected, reported Lucia Mutikani of Reuters.

Late Wednesday, President Trump announced tariffs on countries around the world. The tariffs were significantly larger than anticipated, and stock markets immediately moved lower. Over two days, the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index lost about $5 trillion in market capitalization, reported Lynn Thomasson of Bloomberg.

It was the “largest decline for stocks listed on major U.S. exchanges since March 16, 2020, when $3.5 trillion in value was wiped out, according to Dow Jones Market Data,” reported Connor Smith of Barron’s. (March 2020 was when the COVID-19 outbreak officially became a pandemic.)

In contrast, government bonds rallied as yields fell. Investors preference for lower risk assets “resulted in rising demand for government debt in the U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan and Australia — which sent yields down across all those countries,” reported Vivien Lou Chen of MarketWatch.

Three reasons for the stock market downturn

While tariffs were the catalyst for the market downturn, they weren’t the only reason for the decline. Other contributing factors included:

1. A tsunami of uncertainty. You’ve heard it before: Markets hate uncertainty. The new administration’s tariffs brought a tsunami of uncertainty. Some investors opted for safe havens as they awaited greater clarity around key questions, including:

• Are the tariffs a negotiating tool or a permanent tax?
• How will tariffs effect the outlook for economic growth?
• How will tariffs effect corporate profitability?
• How will other countries respond?

“The scope, speed and magnitude of the Trump administration’s tariff blitz left investors with a lot of questions. But one point came through crystal clear: The post–World War II global world economic order is no longer. That is forcing a reassessment by countries on how to respond and pushing investors to reassess long-held assumptions about profit margins, investments, and inflation, reported Reshma Kapadia of Barron’s.”

2. High market valuations. Over the past two-plus years, excitement about artificial intelligence, an economic soft landing, pro-business policies, and other factors have helped lift stock prices to extraordinary levels. By many measures, U.S. stocks were expensive, which made them vulnerable to decline, reported Jacob Sonenshine of Barron’s. The imposition of extraordinary tariffs forced investors to reassess expectations for U.S. economic growth, corporate earnings, inflation, and share prices.

“Over the medium to longer term, Trump’s tariff and trade policy will likely accelerate the move to diversify supply chains, emphasize regionalization over globalization, and invest in becoming more self-reliant… But given the uncertainty and increasing costs of inputs, companies may rethink where they allocate long-term capital,” wrote Kapadia. “…’tariffs plus associated uncertainties provide more incentives to build around the U.S., not in the U.S.,’” stated to a source cited by Kapadia.

3. The tariff narrative. Narrative economics is a theory developed by Nobel-prize winning economist Robert Shiller. Its premise is that viral stories influence economic behavior. As a result, viral narratives can influence markets. Shiller explained, “…whether it’s the belief that tech stocks can only go up, that housing prices never fall, or that some firms are too big to fail. Whether true or false, stories like these—transmitted by word of mouth, by the news media, and increasingly by social media—drive the economy by driving our decisions about how and where to invest, how much to spend and save, and more.”

Last week, a dominant narrative was that tariffs may cause a trade war, which could have unfavorable and long-lasting effects on the U.S. economy. “While trade wars don’t involve armies and bloodshed, some of the same rules apply—especially when it’s a war of choice. Strengths need to be assessed, allies cajoled, goals set, and preparations made. When done right, victory can be reached with relative ease and result in an increase in standing. When poorly planned, strengths turn into weakness, quick victories become battles of attrition, and unintended consequences can last for years,” reported Ben Levisohn of Barron’s.

By the end of the week, the technology-heavy Nasdaq Composite Index was in bear market territory, down more than 20 percent from its previous high. The Dow Jones Industrial Average had moved into correction territory, and the S&P 500 Index had experienced its worst week since 2020, reported Amalya Dubrovsky, Karen Friar, and Ines Ferré of Yahoo! Finance. Yields on longer maturities of U.S. Treasuries moved lower, pushing the value of previously issued Treasuries higher.

Stock market volatility is likely to continue as the tariff story plays out. While the tariff story plays out, it’s a good idea to stay calm and focus on your plan. Your portfolio allocation and diversification strategies were put in place to help you achieve your financial goals. Taking drastic action in response to a short-term market upheaval could affect your ability to reach those goals. If you have questions or would like to discuss recent events, please get in touch.

FIRST QUARTER REVIEW: CHANGING EXPECTATIONS. In late January, as the new administration took office, markets anticipated that proposed tariffs would create economic headwinds that could be offset by the positive effects of deregulation (a productivity boost) and tax cuts (economic stimulus), reported Ben Levisohn of Barron’s. By the end of the quarter, market expectations had changed dramatically.

“The highest-conviction trades coming into 2025 – buy U.S. exceptionalism and the Magnificent 7, avoid the rest of the world, sell bonds – have been turned on their head. Chinese and German stocks are up by double digits since Jan. 20, while the U.S. – and notably information tech and consumer-discretionary stocks – is down since then,” reported Randall Forsyth of Barron’s.

A market rotation
Financial markets experienced a rotation during the first quarter as market expectations shifted. Rotations occur when a dominant trend fades. Typically, investors sell investments that were in favor and buy assets that they believe are better opportunities, reported Sarah Hansen of Morningstar. During the first quarter of 2025, we saw sector, style, and regional rotations.

U.S. technology stocks lost their luster. In the United States, the information technology, communication services, and consumer discretionary sectors – home to the Magnificent Seven – delivered stellar total returns in 2023 and 2024. However, their dominance faded in the first quarter of 2025, while more defensive sectors of the market delivered positive returns.

 Value stocks came into favor. “Worries over historically elevated tech stock valuations, combined with a tariff-induced bout of risk avoidance, have driven the recent rotation from growth into value,” reported Esha Dey of Bloomberg. The S&P 500 Value Index was up 0.28 percent during the first quarter, while the S&P 500 Growth Index dropped 8.47 percent.

International stocks outperformed. “As the US stock market lost ground in the quarter, international markets surged amid a global shift. Chinese markets gained 14.17 [percent], while eurozone markets rose 12.24 [percent], thanks in part to major fiscal initiatives designed to stimulate growth and enhance the region’s defense capabilities amid the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine,” reported Sarah Hansen of Morningstar.

Rotations can be healthy. The key is “to focus on emerging leadership in other sectors demonstrating relative strength,” stated a source cited by Levisohn.

Weekly Focus – Think About It
“When I hear somebody sigh, ‘Life is hard,’ I am always tempted to ask, ‘Compared to what?’”
– Sydney J. Harris, Journalist

Sources:

https://poets.org/poem/if

https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-job-growth-beats-expectations-march-2025-04-04/

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-04-04/stock-market-crash-trump-trade-war-hits-s-p-500-nasdaq-100 or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Bloomberg-Trump-Takes-Wrecking-Ball%20-%203.pdf

https://www.barrons.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-040325?mod=hp_LEDE_A_1 or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Barrons-Stock-Market-Worst-Day%20-%204.pdf

https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-timeline

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/government-bonds-rally-around-the-world-as-investors-fearing-recession-flock-to-safety-trades-efb75ec3

https://www.barrons.com/articles/trump-tariffs-u-s-trade-war-china-europe-cf9a1227 or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Tariff-Damage-Cant-be-Undone%20-%207.pdf

https://www.barrons.com/articles/stock-market-expensive-rally-cd5f460e or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Barrons-Stock-Market-Avoid-Bloodbath%20-%208.pdf

https://news.yale.edu/2019/11/04/robert-shiller-power-narratives

https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691182292/narrative-economics?srsltid=AfmBOopduHBCkozav1U1akh472maGb7oDUKGAv62lrTKhWZm1eY6lObx

https://www.barrons.com/articles/stock-market-trump-tariff-bear-288ed46b?refsec=up-and-down-wall-street&mod=topics_up-and-down-wall-street or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Barrons-Trump-is-Fighting-Trade-War%20-%2011.pdf

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/live/stock-market-today-dow-plunges-2200-points-nasdaq-enters-bear-market-as-trump-tariffs-spark-worst-meltdown-since-2020-200042876.html

https://home.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value=2025

https://www.barrons.com/articles/stock-market-outlook-rethink-trump-tariffs-federal-reserve-policy-5776184b?refsec=up-and-down-wall-street&mod=topics_up-and-down-wall-street or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Barrons-2025-Market-Prediction-Soured%20-%2014.pdf

https://www.barrons.com/articles/u-s-stocks-suffer-trump-economic-paradigm-shift-86306db0?mod=article_inline or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Barrons-Trump-Engineering-Paradigm-Shift%20-%2015.pdf

https://www.morningstar.com/markets/stock-market-rotation-is-underway-will-it-last

https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/performance-reports/spdji-sector-performance-matrix.pdf

https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/performance-reports/dashboard-us-sector.pdf

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-28/value-stock-gains-need-fresh-catalyst-with-earnings-a-wild-card or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/04-07-25-Bloomberg-Value-Stock-Gains%20-%2019.pdf

https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500-value/#overview and https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500-growth/#overview [Factsheets]

https://www.morningstar.com/markets/13-charts-q1s-dramatic-rotation-stocks

https://www.inc.com/bill-murphy-jr/365-inspirational-quotes-for-2025/91066225

The Markets

Risk-on. Risk-off.

If you read the financial press, you may have seen the terms “risk-on” and “risk-off”.  When investing, there is a risk-return spectrum. Stocks typically have higher risk and higher return potential than high-quality bonds. High-quality bonds have lower risk and lower return potential than stocks, although they typically have higher risk and higher return potential than cash.

In financial speak, investors are:

• Risk-on when they are excited about investing in stocks (and other types of assets that have higher risk profiles). “Risk-on environments can be carried by expanding corporate earnings, optimistic economic outlook, accommodative central bank policies, and speculation. As the market displays strong influential fundamentals, investors perceive less risk about the market and its outlook,” reported Adam Hayes for Investopedia. A risk-on environment may lead to rising stock prices.
• Risk-off when they become cautious and concerned about losses. Risk averse investors may sell some types of stocks (and other types of assets that have higher risk profiles) in favor of dividend-paying stocks and more stable types of investments that can help preserve principal. Risk-off environments may arise when economic growth slows, economic uncertainty rises, company earnings slide lower, consumer confidence wavers, or financial markets experience other kinds of disruptions. A risk-off environment may lead to falling stock prices.

Last week, investors moved from a risk-on to a risk-off outlook. The change in attitude resulted from concerns about:

• Tariffs. Concerns about tariffs intensified last week when “An unexpected move against car imports this week renewed warnings from economists that tariffs will almost surely raise consumer prices and harm economic growth,” reported Jeran Wittenstein and Ryan Vlastelica of Bloomberg.
• Sticky inflation. Last week, the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index, which is one of the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauges, showed that headline inflation remained steady month to month and year to year. However, core inflation, which excludes food and energy prices, rose month to month and year to year.
• Consumer sentiment. The final reading for consumer sentiment in March did not improve. “This month’s decline reflects a clear consensus across all demographic and political affiliations; Republicans joined independents and Democrats in expressing worsening expectations since February for their personal finances, business conditions, unemployment, and inflation,” wrote University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers Director Joanne Hsu.

During periods of market volatility, it’s important to keep a long-term perspective. Having an asset allocation strategy that reflects your risk tolerance and financial goals helps insulate your assets from market turbulence. Asset allocation helps manage risk, but it does not prevent losses

THE SILVER LINING OF MARKET DOWNTURNS. Volatile markets are challenging. Watching the value of your assets bounce higher and lower can be frustrating. In times like these, it can be helpful to focus on the opportunities that can be created by market volatility. One of those opportunities is tax-loss harvesting.

Investors “harvest” tax losses by selling an asset for less than they purchased it. Unfortunately, not every investment delivers stellar returns. Almost every investor has either owned an asset that loses value due to company underperformance or a market downturn. When the asset is sold at a lower value than its purchase price, the investor realizes a capital loss.

From a tax perspective, losses are quite valuable. They can help:

3. 1. Minimize capital gains tax. Capital losses can be used to offset capital gains, dollar for dollar. For example, if an investor sells shares of Company A for a gain of $1 and sells shares of Company B for a loss of $1, then the loss offsets the gain.

    

   2. Reduce taxable income today. When tax losses aren’t used to offset gains, the losses can reduce taxable income by up to $3,000. So, if an investor has a capital loss of $6,000 and a capital gain of $3,000, the capital loss could offset the capital gain and the $3,000 loss that is leftover could be used to reduce the investor’s taxable income.

    

   3. Reduce capital gains and taxable income tomorrow. When capital losses are greater than capital gains and income reductions combined, the extra losses can be carried forward and used to offset capital gains and taxable income in the future.

The key to tax loss harvesting is that the money from the asset sale must be invested in a new opportunity – perhaps capitalizing on the chance to invest in a strong company at an attractive price, which is another benefit of market downturns. In general, the new investment should fill a similar role in the investor’s asset allocation strategy to the investment that was sold.

The silver lining of market downturns is that investment losses can be tax wins.

Weekly Focus – Think About It
“Courage is the price that life exacts for granting peace.”
– Amelia Earhart, Aviation pioneer

Sources:

https://www.investor.gov/additional-resources/information/youth/teachers-classroom-resources/risk-and-return https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-on-risk-off.asp

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-28/market-rout-starts-with-big-tech-as-tariff-inflation-fears-hit?srnd=homepage-americas or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/03-31-25-Bloomberg-Market-Rout-Intensifies%20-%203.pdf

https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2025-03/pi0225.pdf [Tables 5 and 7]

http://www.sca.isr.umich.edu

https://www.barrons.com/market-data?mod=BOL_TOPNAV or go to https://resources.carsongroup.com/hubfs/WMC-Source/2025/03-31-25-Barrons-DJIA-S&P-Nasdaq%20-%206.pdf

https://home.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/TextView?type=daily_treasury_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value_month=202503

https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc409

https://www.today.com/life/quotes/strong-women-quotes-rcna66486